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Bavarian Council Republic
The Bavarian Council Republic ((ドイツ語:Bayerische Räterepublik)) was the short-lived attempt to establish a socialist state in the Free State of Bavaria during the German Revolution led by a team of German and Russian revolutionaries.〔Encyclopedia Britannia 1969, Bavarian Council Republic〕 It took the form of a workers' council republic. Its name can alternatively be rendered in English as the Bavarian Soviet Republic (using the Russian word for "council"). It sought independence from the also recently proclaimed Weimar Republic. Its capital was Munich.
==Kurt Eisner's bloodless revolution==
On the afternoon of 7 November 1918, the first anniversary of the Russian revolution, Kurt Eisner, a politician 〔 of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) addressed a crowd, estimated to have been about 60,000, on the Theresienwiese (current site of the Oktoberfest). He demanded an immediate peace, an 8-hour workday, relief for the unemployed, abdication of the Bavarian king, King Ludwig III, and Kaiser Wilhelm II, and proposed the formation of workers' and soldiers' councils. The crowd marched to the army barracks and won over most of the soldiers to the side of the revolution. That night, the King went into exile. The next day, Eisner declared Bavaria a "free state" – a declaration which overthrew the monarchy of the Wittelsbach dynasty which had ruled for over 700 years, and Eisner became Minister-President of Bavaria. Though he advocated a "socialist republic", he distanced himself from the Russian Bolsheviks, declaring that his government would protect property rights. For a few days, the Munich economist Lujo Brentano served as People's Commissar for Trade (''Volkskommissar für Handel'').
Eisner's Independent Social Democrats were defeated in the January 1919 election, coming in sixth. On 21 February 1919, as he was on his way to parliament to announce his resignation, he was shot dead by the right-wing nationalist Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley, who had been rejected from membership in the Thule Society because of Jewish ancestry on his mother's side. This assassination caused unrest and lawlessness in Bavaria, and the news of a left-wing revolution in Hungary encouraged communists and anarchists to seize power.〔Erich Mühsam, ''Von Eisner bis Leviné'', p. 47〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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